ZALMAN AMD Athlon/ Duron/Athlon XP Socket 462 CPU Manual de usuario descargar pdf (Pagina 9)

Voltage Regulator Modules

CPUs vary greatly in the amount of voltage they need to run. With the many

variations among CPUs you can install into a single motherboard, mother

boards need to have some mechanism to accommodate the different voltages.

Older motherboards used an add-on device called a voltage regulator module

that you could replace or adjust via jumpers or switches to handle CPU variet

ies. Modern motherboards do this automatically.

Variations

Several innovations have created a great divide between CPUs on the high end

and all the rest. Technology innovations include enhanced registers, hyper-

threading, 64-bit processors, multi-core CPUs, and mobile CPU varieties.

Enhanced Registers

Starting with later versions of the Intel Pentium, manufacturers have improved

some of the registers inside the CPU, adding specific-use and general-use

128-bit registers. The first were called multimedia extensions (MMX). Later Intel

options were streaming SIMD extensions (SSE), SSE2, and SSE3. AMD added

3DNow! to the mix.

Hyper-threading

Most desktop CPUs handle multiple processes—opening a file, playing an MP3,

and so on—nearly simultaneously by switching rapidly back and forth between

those processes. Intel introduced hyper-threading with the Pentium 4, a way to

run multiple processes or threads truly simultaneously. A single Intel Pentium 4

with hyper-threading looks like two CPUs to the operating system (Figure 5.5).

Currently, only the Pentium 4 with hyper-threading comes with the technology.

Intel’s more advanced processors—like the Core and Core 2—do not.

Local Lingo

Process and Thread Although the words

process

and

thread

are used

interchangeably, they’re not quite the same thing all the time. Think of a process

as the big task, such as running Word or playing World of Warcraft. When a

programmer designs the application, he or she can create side tasks or make the

program

multi-threaded

, to accomplish multiple things within the program

without interrupting the main program flow. Think of Word auto-saving

while you’re typing and you get the idea of a classic thread—a task that

needs doing but isn’t the main task.

CHAPTER 5 CPUs 107

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